Translations:Features/24/fr

Types d'authentification

At various places in the configuration file, for example the Oper block, Vhost block, Link block and Allow block you can authenticate clients by password or other means. You can specify the password as plaintext, but you can also specify an "authentication type".

Available auth-types

The following auth-types are available:

Auth-type	Description	Security level	How to generate
none	Plaintext / cleartext password	Bad	Plaintext password directly in the config. Not recommended.
md5	MD5 with salt	Deprecated	Deprecated. Do not use.
sha1	SHA1 with salt	Deprecated	Deprecated. Do not use.
ripemd160	RIPEMD160 with salt	Deprecated	Deprecated. Do not use.
crypt	UNIX crypt. The exact hashing algorithm depends on the type of crypt, therefore the security can range from bad to reasonable.	Bad or reasonable	Not recommended.
bcrypt	Blowfish crypt with salt and many rounds [1]	Reasonable	On IRC: /MKPASSWD bcrypt <password> On *NIX shell: ./unrealircd mkpasswd bcrypt
argon2	Argon2 hashing algorithm. Many rounds, anti-GPU cracking measures, etc. [2]	Good	On IRC: /MKPASSWD argon2 <password> On *NIX shell: /unrealircd mkpasswd argon2
cert	SSL/TLS Client certificate Note that most people use certfp or spkifp instead.	Excellent	Path to a public SSL/TLS certificate (.pem file)
certfp	SSL/TLS Client certificate fingerprint (SHA256)	Excellent	For a given SSL/TLS certificate such as client.pem, run: openssl x509 -in client.pem -sha256 -noout -fingerprint and copy the AA:BB:CC:DD:etc... fingerprint.
spkifp	SPKI Fingerprint. This is similar to an SSL/TLS Client certificate fingerprint but is usually only used for server linking. The benefit of spkifp over certfp is that the spkifp stays the same as long as the key stays the same.	Excellent	For a given SSL/TLS certificate: ./unrealircd spkifp conf/ssl/server.cert.pem Or, alternatively, these openssl commands

The auth-type argon2 is the best one if you want to authenticate using a password. It's slow to crack.

The types cert and certfp require a bit more work and expertise, as the user must generate their own SSL/TLS Certificate and then use it to connect to the server via SSL/TLS. We suggest to use this auth-type for /OPER (in the Oper block), see the 2nd example below. Finally the type spkifp is usually only used for linking servers.

Example 1: argon2 password in vhost block

Say, you want to use the password test and want to use argon2 hashed passwords (the best password hashing method available).

• As IRCOp run:

/MKPASSWD argon2 test

or on the *NIX command line run:

irc@system:~/unrealircd$ ./unrealircd mkpasswd
Enter password to hash:
Encrypted password is: $argon2id$v=19$m=8192,t=3,p=2$hDpgvcBOUVAJMQcJITTLnQ$fL5lg/3tZ0VgTXn61EQ6Rnxhl5j+MvESBBGpg1mZqWM

• You should get back a string that starts with $ followed by a lot of characters.
• Put this string in your vhost block (or any other block) like this:

vhost {
    vhost I.love.Tux;
    mask *@*;
    login Tux;
    password "$argon2id$v=19$m=8192,t=3,p=2$hDpgvcBOUVAJMQcJITTLnQ$fL5lg/3tZ0VgTXn61EQ6Rnxhl5j+MvESBBGpg1mZqWM";
};

• /REHASH your IRCd server configuration (Execute /REHASH as an IRCop on IRC)
• Try to use the new vhost by typing /VHOST Tux test

Example 2: Oper by SSL/TLS Client certificates

cert and certfp are exceptional auth-types which can be used to authenticate SSL/TLS users by their client certificate. With these authentication methods you can be sure the user is using SSL/TLS and is using the specified client certificate. It's very secure but is a slightly advanced feature.

Here's an example of how to use it for the oper block:

• Create an SSL/TLS client certificate if you don't have one already. Search the web for irc client certificate if you don't know how to do this.
• Connect to IRC with your client, using your client certificate (consult your IRC client documentation)
• On IRC simply /WHOIS yourself and you will see a line like:

FriendlyOper has client certificate fingerprint e74d46f19ff468f5e8e349cc285df96585ba4f16b64902e334e6e76afe76a798

If you do not see a line stating a "client certificate fingerprint", then your IRC client is not configured correctly to use the SSL/TLS client certificate. Consult your IRC client documentation.

• In the server configuration file (eg: unrealircd.conf), set the password to the certificate fingerprint you saw on IRC. For example:

oper test {
     password "e74d46f19ff468f5e8e349cc285df96585ba4f16b64902e334e6e76afe76a798" { certfp; };
[..]
};

• Rehash your server
• Now oper up through /OPER test. When you try this, make sure that you are not already an IRCOp.
• You should now have IRC Operator rights.
• Congratulations, you are now using the most secure authentication method available in UnrealIRCd!

Example 3: SSL/TLS Client certificates when linking servers

When you are linking servers via the Link block we highly suggest you follow the Tutorial: Linking servers as it uses the SSL/TLS client certificate fingerprint authentication type.